HTML Character Entities

The following sections present the complete lists of character entity references.

Essential Entities

The following table lists the the essential entities in HTML.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
&	&	&	Ampersand
"	"	"	Double quote mark
<	<	<	Less than symbol
>	>	>	Greater than symbol
'	'	'	Apostrophe (XHTML only)

The following table lists the entities for currency symbols.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
¢	¢	¢	Cent
£	£	£	Pound
¤	¤	¤	General currency
¥	¥	¥	Yen
€	€	€	Euro

The following table lists the entities for copyright, trademark, and registered symbol.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
©	©	©	Copyright
®	®	®	Registered
™	™	™	Trademark

The following table lists the entities for general punctuation.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
	&ensp;		En space
	&emsp;		Em space
			Thin space
			Nonbreaking space
–	–	–	En dash
—	—	—	Em dash
‘	‘	‘	Left/Opening single-quote
’	’	’	Right/Closing single-quote and apostrophe
‚	&sbquo;	‚	Single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	Left/Opening double-quote
”	”	”	Right/Closing double-quote
„	&bdquo;	„	Double low-9 quotation mark
‹	&lsaquo;	‹	Left-pointing single angle quotation mark
›	&rsaquo;	›	Left-pointing single angle quotation mark
«	«	«	Left-pointing double angle quotation mark
»	»	»	Right-pointing double angle quotation mark
†	&dagger;	†	Dagger
‡	&Dagger;	†	Double dagger
•	•	•	Bullet
…	&hellep;	…	Ellipses
‰	&permil;	‰	Per mille symbol (per thousand)
′	′	′	Prime, minutes, feet
″	″	″	Double prime, seconds, inches
‾	&oline;	‾	Overline
⁄	&frasl;	⁄	Fraction slash

The following table lists the entities for arrows.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
←	←	←	Left arrow
↑	↑	↑	Up arrow
→	→	→	Right arrow
↓	↓	↓	Down arrow
↔	↔	↔	Left-right arrow
↵	&crarr;	↵	Down arrow with corner leftward
⇐	⇐	⇐	Leftward double arrow
⇑	&uArr;	⇑	Upward double arrow
⇒	⇒	⇒	Rightward double arrow
⇓	&dArr;	⇓	Downward double arrow
⇔	⇔	⇔	Left-right double arrow

The following table lists the entities for mathematical symbols.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	Partial differential
∃	∃	∃	There exists
∅	∅	∅	Empty set, null set, diameter
∇	∇	∇	Nabla, backward difference
∈	∈	∈	Element of
∉	∉	∉	Not an element of
∋	&ni;	∋	Contains as a member
∏	∏	∏	N-ary product, product sign
∑	∑	∑	N-ary summation
−	−	−	Minus sign
∗	&lowast;	∗	Asterisk operator
√	√	√	Square root, radical sign
∝	&prop;	∝	Proportional to
∞	∞	∞	Infinity
∠	&ang;	∠	Angle
∧	&and;	∧	Logical and, wedge
∨	&or;	∨	Logical or, vee
∩	∩	∩	Intersection, cap
∪	∪	∪	Union, cup
∫	∫	∫	Integral
∴	&there4;	∴	Therefore
∼	&sim;	∼	Tilde operator, varies with, similar to
≅	&cong;	≅	Approximately equal to
≈	≈	≈	Almost equal to, asymptotic to
≠	≠	≠	Not equal to
≡	&equiv;	≡	Equivalent to
≤	≤	≤	Less than or equal to
≥	≥	≥	Greater than or equal to
⊂	⊂	⊂	Subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	Superset of
⊄	&nsub;	⊄	Not a subset of
⊆	&sube;	⊆	Subset of or equal to
⊇	&supe;	⊇	Superset of or equal to
⊕	&oplus;	⊕	Circled plus, direct sum
⊗	&otimes;	⊗	Circled times, vector product
⊥	&perp;	⊥	Up tack, orthogonal to, perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	Dot operator

The following table lists the entities for greek letters.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
Α	Α	Α	Greek capital alpha
Β	Β	Β	Greek capital beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Greek capital gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Greek capital delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Greek capital epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Greek capital zeta
Η	Η	Η	Greek capital eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Greek capital theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Greek capital iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Greek capital kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Greek capital lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Greek capital mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Greek capital nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Greek capital xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Greek capital omicron
Π	Π	Π	Greek capital pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Greek capital rho
Σ	Σ	Σ	Greek capital sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Greek capital tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Greek capital upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Greek capital phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Greek capital chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Greek capital psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Greek capital omega
α	α	α	Greek small alpha
β	β	β	Greek small beta
γ	γ	γ	Greek small gamma
δ	δ	δ	Greek small delta
ε	ε	ε	Greek small epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	Greek small zeta
η	η	η	Greek small eta
θ	θ	θ	Greek small theta
ι	ι	ι	Greek small iota
κ	κ	κ	Greek small kappa
λ	λ	λ	Greek small lambda
μ	μ	μ	Greek small mu
ν	ν	ν	Greek small nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	Greek small xi
ο	ο	ο	Greek small omicron
π	π	π	Greek small pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	Greek small rho
ς	&sigmaf;	ς	Greek small letter final sigma
σ	σ	σ	Greek small sigma
τ	τ	τ	Greek small tau
υ	υ	υ	Greek small upsilon
φ	φ	φ	Greek small phi
χ	χ	χ	Greek small chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	Greek small psi
ω	ω	ω	Greek small omega
ϑ	&thetasym;	ϑ	Greek small theta symbol
ϒ	&upsih;	ϒ	Greek upsilon with hook
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	Greek pi symbol

The following table lists the other useful entities supported by HTML.

Character	Entity Name	Entity Number	Description
⌈	&lceil;	⌈	Left ceiling
⌉	&rceil;	⌉	Right ceiling
⌊	&lfloor;	⌊	Left floor
⌋	&rfloor;	⌋	Right floor
⟨	&lang;	⟨	Left-pointing angle bracket
⟩	&rang;	⟩	Right-pointing angle bracket
◊	&loz;	◊	Lozenge
ℑ	&image;	ℑ	Blackletter capital I, imaginary part
℘	&weierp;	℘	Script capital P, power set
ℜ	&real;	ℜ	Blackletter capital R, real part
ℵ	&alefsym;	ℵ	Alef symbol, or first transfinite cardinal
♠	&spades;	♠	Black spade suit
♣	&clubs;	♣	Black club suit
♥	&hearts;	♥	Black heart suit
♦	&diams;	♦	Black diamond suit

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